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Violations of law punishable by the state and codified by legislature are broadly referred to as:

  1. Intentional torts

  2. Strict-liability torts

  3. Negligence

  4. Crimes

The correct answer is: Crimes

Crimes are the only violations of law that are punishable by the state and codified by the legislature. Intentional torts are civil wrongs that are purposely committed, while strict-liability torts are actions that result in harm without the need to prove intent or negligence. Negligence is the failure to take reasonable care, which can result in civil liability but not necessarily criminal punishment. Therefore, only crimes fit the definition of violations of law punishable by the state and codified by legislature.